Terms of Reference
Terms of Reference (TOR) is a document that clearly describes what needs to be done in a project or job role. Think of it as a detailed blueprint that outlines the purpose, scope, responsibilities, and expected results. In international organizations and NGOs, TORs are essential documents used when hiring consultants, planning projects, or setting up partnerships. They're similar to job descriptions or project scopes, but typically more comprehensive and formal. You might also see them called "Project Charter," "Scope of Work," or "Statement of Work" in different organizations.
Examples in Resumes
Developed Terms of Reference for hiring technical experts in healthcare projects
Managed project implementation according to TOR guidelines
Created detailed Terms of Reference for multi-stakeholder consultation process
Typical job title: "Project Officers"
Also try searching for:
Where to Find Project Officers
Professional Networks
Development Networks
Learning Resources
Example Interview Questions
Senior Level Questions
Q: How do you ensure a Terms of Reference leads to successful project outcomes?
Expected Answer: Should discuss stakeholder consultation, clear deliverables, realistic timelines, proper resource allocation, and risk management. Should mention experience in managing complex projects and adapting TORs based on lessons learned.
Q: How do you handle changes to Terms of Reference during project implementation?
Expected Answer: Should explain change management process, stakeholder communication, documentation requirements, and impact assessment on budget, timeline, and deliverables.
Mid Level Questions
Q: What are the key elements you include when writing a Terms of Reference?
Expected Answer: Should mention background, objectives, scope, deliverables, timeline, budget, reporting requirements, and qualifications needed. Should demonstrate understanding of how these elements connect.
Q: How do you ensure Terms of Reference align with donor requirements?
Expected Answer: Should discuss reviewing donor guidelines, compliance checking, budget alignment, and incorporating donor reporting requirements into the TOR structure.
Junior Level Questions
Q: What is the purpose of a Terms of Reference document?
Expected Answer: Should explain that TORs provide clear guidance for project implementation, define expectations and deliverables, and serve as a reference point for all parties involved.
Q: How do you organize information in a Terms of Reference?
Expected Answer: Should describe basic TOR structure including introduction, background, objectives, tasks, timelines, and required qualifications.
Experience Level Indicators
Junior (0-2 years)
- Basic TOR template usage
- Understanding project cycles
- Simple stakeholder coordination
- Basic budget understanding
Mid (2-5 years)
- TOR development and review
- Project planning and management
- Donor requirement integration
- Stakeholder management
Senior (5+ years)
- Complex project design
- Strategic planning
- Risk management
- Multi-donor coordination
Red Flags to Watch For
- Unable to explain basic TOR components
- Lack of experience with international organizations or NGOs
- Poor understanding of project management cycles
- No experience in stakeholder coordination
Related Terms
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